Crass was an English art collective and punk rock band formed in Epping, Essex, in 1977 who promoted anarchism as a political ideology, a lifestyle, and a resistance movement. Crass popularized the anarcho-punk movement of the punk subculture, advocating direct action, animal rights, feminism, and environmentalism. The band employed and advocated a DIY ethic in its albums, sound collages, leaflets, and films.